Disposable Absorbent Articles Having Wetness Appearing Graphics

ABSTRACT

Disposable absorbent articles comprising a liquid pervious topsheet, a liquid impervious backsheet that is at least partially joined to the topsheet, an absorbent core disposed at least partially between the topsheet and the backsheet, and a wetness indicator printed onto a surface of the backsheet wherein the wetness indicator comprises a graphic that further comprises at least one responsive color composition and a varnish coating disposed adjacent to the responsive color composition; wherein upon wetting, the graphic becomes visible to the unaided eye.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a disposable absorbent articlecomprising a wetness indicator comprising graphics that appear uponwetting. The graphic further comprises at least one responsive colorcomposition and a varnish coating disposed on top of said responsivecolor composition. When wetted, with a fluid like urine, the graphicbecomes apparent to the unaided eye of a consumer or wearer.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

More often than not disposable absorbent articles are incorporatinggraphics as an ordinary feature. In most instances, these graphics areapplied to the backsheet of the product so that the graphics are visiblewhile the product is being worn. The graphics have been printed directlyon a component of the backsheet or have been printed on a separatelayer, such as a tissue layer, which is disposed on the backsheet.

There are many reasons to incorporate graphics in disposable absorbentarticles. For instance, the graphics can improve the appearance andappeal of the product, to both the wearer and the purchaser. Graphicscan also impact the manner in which a disposable absorbent article isused. For example, graphics on disposable diapers can be used bycaregivers to amuse and/or educate a child during diapering. Similarly,graphics on disposable training pants can provide educational andmotivational mechanisms to facilitate the toilet training process.Graphics on training pants can also serve to increase the child'sinterest in the product and thereby increase the child's interest in thetoilet training process.

Graphics can further be used to indicate when a urine insult hasoccurred. For instance, it has been known in the art that upon wetting,disposable absorbent articles like diapers have included graphics thatappear or disappear to indicate the insult. To date, however, it has notbeen possible to deliver disposable absorbent products which includeprinted graphics that can be disposed directly onto a film portion ofthe backsheet of an absorbent product and have the graphic ultimatelyappear clearly to the unaided eye of a consumer and wearer when exposedto liquid.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, therefore, relates to disposable absorbentarticles comprising:

-   -   a) a liquid pervious topsheet;    -   b) a liquid impervious backsheet that is at least partially        joined to the topsheet;    -   c) an absorbent core disposed at least partially between the        topsheet and the backsheet; and    -   d) a wetness indicator printed onto a surface of said backsheet;        the wetness indicator comprising a graphic that further        comprises at least one responsive color composition and a        varnish coating disposed adjacent to said responsive color        composition;    -   wherein upon wetting, said graphic becomes visible to the        unaided eye.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a flat out view of an absorbent article of thepresent invention prior to wetting. In this embodiment, the article is adiaper comprising a liquid pervious topsheet 16, a liquid imperviousbacksheet 24 that is at least partially joined to the topsheet, anabsorbent core 22 disposed at least partially between the topsheet andthe backsheet, and a wetness indicator 26 printed onto a surface of thebacksheet; the wetness indicator comprising a graphic 18 that furthercomprises at least one responsive color composition and a varnishcoating 14 disposed adjacent to the responsive color composition;wherein when wetted, the graphic becomes visible to the unaided eye.

FIG. 2 illustrates the absorbent article of FIG. 1 after wetting whereinthe graphic becomes visible to the unaided eye.

FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of a further embodiment of anabsorbent article of the present invention prior to wetting.

FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view the absorbent article of FIG. 3after wetting wherein the graphic becomes visible when contacted withfluid.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions

As used herein, the term “absorbent articles” refers to devices thatabsorb and contain body exudates, and, more specifically, refers todevices that are placed against or in proximity to the body of thewearer to absorb and contain the various exudates discharged from thebody. Absorbent articles may include diapers, training pants, adultincontinence undergarments, feminine hygiene products, breast pads, caremats, bibs, wound dressing products, and the like. As used herein, theterm “body fluids” or “body exudates” includes, but is not limited to,urine, blood, vaginal discharges, breast milk, sweat and fecal matter.

As used herein, the term “absorbent core” refers to the component of theabsorbent article that is primarily responsible for fluid handlingproperties of the article, including acquiring, transporting,distributing and storing body fluids. As such, the absorbent coretypically does not include the topsheet, backsheet or outer cover of theabsorbent article.

As used herein, the term “bonded” refers to different materials beingattached (cohesively or adhesively) in at least a portion thereof. Theattached portions may be random or may have a pattern such as stripes,spirals, dots, and the like. The attached portions may be located at theperipheries, throughout the surface area, or both. Suitable attachmentmeans known in the art may be used, including but not limited toadhesives, heat, pressure, crimping, ultrasonic, chemical (via hydrogenbonds or other cohesive forces), mechanical (e.g., fasteners,entanglements), hydraulic, vacuum and combinations thereof.

As used herein, the term “composite structure” refers to a multi-regionstructure wherein the materials comprising the regions may beoperatively associated or bonded. The regions may even be in intimatecontact such that the composite has a unitary structure. Further, theregions may be positioned in a layered (face-to-face) arrangement, or aside-by-side arrangement.

As used herein, the term “disposable” is used in its ordinary sense tomean an article that is disposed or discarded after a limited number ofusage events over varying lengths of time, preferably less than about 20events, more preferably less than about 10 events, even more preferablyless than about 5 events, and most preferably less than about 2 events.

As used herein, the term “intimate bonding” refers to physical contactbetween two layers such that they resist separation with no readilyvisually identifiable areas of separation. In one particular embodiment,the inner and outer layers are adhesively laminated together in thegraphic regions using a meltblowing process to form an overlappingnetwork of adhesive filaments.

As used herein, the term “joined” encompasses configurations wherein anelement is directly secured to the other element by affixing the elementdirectly to the other element, and configurations wherein the element isindirectly secured to the other element by affixing the element tointermediate member(s), which in turn are affixed to the other element.

The term “macroporous” refers to materials having pores too large toeffect capillary transport of fluid, generally having pores greater thanabout 0.5 mm in diameter and, more specifically, having pores greaterthan about 1.0 mm in diameter.

As used herein, the terms “meltblown” and “meltblown web” refer to a webhaving fibers formed by extruding a molten thermoplastic materialthrough a plurality of fine, usually circular, die capillaries as moltenthreads or filaments into converging high velocity heated gas/airstreams which attenuate the molten filaments to reduce their diameter.The reduction in fiber diameter is substantially greater then thereduction of fiber diameter in the spunbonding process, resulting inmicrofibers having average fiber diameter larger than 0.2 microns andtypically in the range of 0.6 to 10 microns. Thereafter, the meltblownfibers are carried by the high velocity gas stream and are deposited ona collecting surface to form a web of randomly disbursed fibers. Variousmeltblown processes are known in the art.

As used herein, the term “microporous” refers to materials which arecapable of transporting fluids by capillary action.

As used herein, the terms “nonwoven” and “nonwoven web” refers to a webthat has a structure of individual fibers which are interlaid forming amatrix, but not in an identifiable repeating manner. Nonwoven webs maybe formed by a variety of processes known to those skilled in the art,for example, meltblowing, spunbonding, wet-laying, air-laying, andvarious bonding-carding processes.

As used herein, the term “operatively associated” refers to a structurecomprising different materials positioned at least in partial contactwith each other in use. The materials are physically separable and eachexhibits properties that can be measured individually. The materials maybe arranged in a face-to-face relationship in the z-dimension, or in aside-by-side relationship in the xy-dimension.

As used herein, the term “pulp” or “cellulosic fibers” include thosenatural fiber derived from trees or vegetations (e.g., hardwood fibers,softwood fibers, hemp, cotton, flax, esparto grass, milkweed, straw,bagasse and the like), their processed/regenerated fibers (e.g., Rayon®)or chemically derivatized fibers (e.g., cellulose esters), andcombinations thereof. Suitable hardwood fibers include eucalyptusfibers. Suitable hardwood fibers may be prepared by kraft or otherchemical pulping methods. Suitable softwood fibers include southernsoftwood (SS) fibers and northern softwood (NS) fibers. Softwood fibersfor use herein can be chemically (e.g., without limitation, kraft pulp)or mechanically pulped (e.g., without limitation, chemithermalmechanical pulp (CTMP) and thermal mechanical pulp (TMP)).

As used herein, the term “region” refers to a zone or an area comprisinga material being physically, chemically, or visually distinguishablefrom surrounding or adjoining materials. Various regions of materialsmay include transitional regions in between. The regions may bepositioned in the z-dimension or in the xy-dimension. As used herein,the term “z-dimension” refers to the dimension orthogonal to the lengthand width of the structure or article. The z-dimension usuallycorresponds to the thickness of the structure or article. As usedherein, the term “xy-dimension” refers to the plane orthogonal to thethickness of the member, core or article when the member, core orarticle is in a flat-out state. The xy-dimension usually corresponds tothe length and width, respectively, of the structure or article in aflat-out state.

As used herein, the terms “spunbond” and “spunbonded web” refers to aweb having fibers formed by extruding a molten thermoplastic material asfilaments from a plurality of fine capillaries of a spinnerette having acircular or other configuration, then rapidly reducing the diameter ofthe extruded filaments by fluid drawing or other well known spunbondingmechanisms. Spunbond fibers are quenched and generally not tacky whenthey are deposited onto a collecting surface. Spunbond fibers aregenerally continuous and often have average between about 10 to about 30microns.

As used herein, the term “unitary structure” refers to a structurecomprising materials having different characteristics joined together toform an integral entity such that the materials are substantiallyinseparable physically, and the unitary structure exhibits propertiesresulting from the combination of the materials therein. The materialsmay be arranged in a face-to-face relationship in the z-dimension, or ina side-by-side relationship in the xy-dimension.

The following detailed description is directed toward absorbentarticles. It is, however, likely that the disclosed articles could bemodified such that the overall concept discussed herein could likewisebe applied to use in other hygiene or health care products, such asbandages, dressings, wipes, bibs, surgical drapes, surgical gowns, andthe like.

Absorbent Article

The absorbent articles of the present invention comprise a liquidpervious topsheet, a liquid impervious backsheet that is at leastpartially joined to the topsheet, an absorbent core disposed at leastpartially between the topsheet and the backsheet, and a wetnessindicator printed onto a surface of said backsheet; the wetnessindicator comprising a graphic that further comprises at least oneresponsive color composition and a varnish coating disposed adjacent tosaid responsive color composition; wherein upon wetting, said graphicbecomes visible to the unaided eye.

In certain embodiments, the absorbent articles may additionally includeone or more components selected from the group consisting of an outercover, side panels, a cuff, an elastic feature, a fastening system, andcombinations thereof

The main body of an absorbent article, e.g., a diaper, comprises atleast the absorbent core, and the topsheet. An outer cover forms thechassis, onto which other components of the diaper are added to form theunitary structure of the diaper. In alternative embodiments, the articlemay be preformed by the manufacturer to create a pant. The term “pant”,as used herein, refers to disposable garments having a waist opening andleg openings designed for infant or adult wearers. A pant may be placedin position on the wearer by inserting the wearer's legs into the legopenings and sliding the pant into position about the wearer's lowertorso. A pant may be preformed by any suitable technique including, butnot limited to, joining together portions of the article usingrefastenable and/or non-refastenable bonds (e.g., seam, weld, adhesive,cohesive bond, fastener, etc.). While the term “pant” is used herein,pants are also commonly referred to as “closed diapers”, “prefasteneddiapers”, “pull-on diapers”, “training pants” and “diaper-pants”.Suitable pants are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,246,433; 5,569,234,6,120,487, 6,120,489, 4,940,464, 5,092,861, 5,897,545, 5,957,908, andU.S. Patent Publication 2003/0233082A1.

Topsheet

The absorbent articles of the present invention comprise a topsheet. Thetopsheet is preferably compliant, soft feeling, and non-irritating tothe wearer's skin. It can be elastically stretchable in one or twodirections. Further, the topsheet is liquid pervious, permitting liquids(e.g., menses, urine, and/or runny feces) to readily penetrate throughits thickness. A suitable topsheet can be manufactured from a wide rangeof materials such as woven and nonwoven materials; apertured orhydroformed thermoplastic films; porous foams; reticulated foams;reticulated thermoplastic films; and thermoplastic scrims. Suitablewoven and nonwoven materials may comprise of natural fibers such as woodor cotton fibers; synthetic fibers such as polyester, polypropylene, orpolyethylene fibers; or combinations thereof. If the topsheet includesfibers, the fibers may be spunbond, carded, wet-laid, meltblown,hydroentangled, or otherwise processed as is known in the art. Onesuitable topsheet comprising a web of staple-length polypropylene fibersis manufactured by Veratec, Inc., a Division of International PaperCompany, of Walpole, Mass. under the designation P-8.

Preferred topsheet for use in the present invention are selected fromhigh loft nonwoven topsheets and apertured film topsheet. Apertured filmtopsheet typically are pervious to bodily exudates, yet non-absorbent,and have a reduced tendency to allow fluids to pass back through andrewet the wearer's skin. Suitable apertured films include thosedescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,628,097, 5,916,661, 6,545,197, 6,107,539,and PCT Patent Publication WO 00/69382 A2.

Further, suitable topsheet materials for depositing solid excretionsthereon may include nonwovens having apertures, which are at least inthe portions that are aligned with the feces deposition region of thearticle. Suitable apertured nonwovens are described in more detail inU.S. Pat. Nos. 6,414,215, 5,342,338, and 5,941,864 and U.S. PatentPublication 2002/017376. In another embodiment of feces handlingarticles, such topsheets can be combined with feces handling members,e.g., underlying such topsheets, and which are further described in theabovementioned patent documents.

Suitable formed film topsheets are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.3,929,135, 4,324,246, 4,342,314, 4,463,045, 5,006,394. Other suitabletopsheets may be made in accordance with U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,609,518 and4,629,643. Such formed films are available from The Procter & GambleCompany of Cincinnati, Ohio as “DRI-WEAVE” and from TredegarCorporation, based in Richmond, Va., as “CLIFF-T.”

Preferably, at least a portion of the topsheet is made of a hydrophobicmaterial or is treated to be hydrophobic in order to isolate thewearer's skin from liquids contained in the absorbent core. If thetopsheet is made of a hydrophobic material, preferably at least aportion of the upper surface of the topsheet is treated to behydrophilic so that liquids will transfer through the topsheet morerapidly. The topsheet can be rendered hydrophilic by treating it with asurfactant or by incorporating a surfactant into the topsheet. Suitablemethods for treating the topsheet with a surfactant include spraying thetopsheet material with the surfactant and/or immersing the material intothe surfactant. A more detailed discussion of such a treatment andhydrophilicity is contained in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,988,344, 4,988,345, and4,950,254. A more detailed discussion of some suitable methods forincorporating a surfactant in the topsheet 24 can be found in U.S.Statutory Invention Registration No. H1670. Alternatively, the topsheetmay include an apertured web or film which is hydrophobic. This may beaccomplished by eliminating the hydrophilizing treatment step from theproduction process and/or applying a hydrophobic treatment to thetopsheet, such as a polytetraflouroethylene compound like SCOTCHGUARD ora hydrophobic lotion composition, as described below. In suchembodiments, it is preferred that the apertures be large enough to allowthe penetration of aqueous fluids like urine without significantresistance.

Any portion of the topsheet may be coated with a lotion as is known inthe art. Examples of suitable lotions include those described in U.S.Pat. Nos. 5,607,760, 5,609,587, 5,635,191, 5,643,588, and 5,968,025. Thelotion may function alone or in combination with another agent as thehydrophobizing treatment described above. The topsheet may also includeor be treated with antibacterial agents, some examples of which aredisclosed in PCT Publication No. WO 95/24173. Further, the topsheet, theouter cover or any portion of the topsheet or outer cover may beembossed and/or matte finished to provide a more cloth like appearance.

The topsheet may comprise one or more apertures to ease penetration ofexudates therethrough, such as urine and/or feces (solid, semi-solid, orliquid). The size of at least the primary aperture is important inachieving the desired waste encapsulation performance. If the primaryaperture is too small, the waste may not pass through the aperture,either due to poor alignment of the waste source and the aperturelocation or due to fecal masses having a diameter greater than theaperture. If the aperture is too large, the area of skin that may becontaminated by “rewet” (from the article) is increased. Typically, theaperture should have an area of between about 10 cm² and about 50 cm².The aperture preferably has an area of between about 15 cm² and 35 cm².

Further, the topsheet may be fully or partially elasticated or may beforeshortened so as to provide a void space between the topsheet and thecore. Exemplary structures including elasticized or foreshortenedtopsheets are described in more detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,892,536,4,990,147, 5,037,416, and 5,269,775.

Backsheet

The backsheet is preferably impervious to fluids (e.g., menses, urine,and/or runny feces) and is preferably manufactured from a thin plasticfilm, although other flexible liquid impervious materials may also beused. As used herein, the term “flexible” refers to materials which arecompliant and will readily conform to the general shape and contours ofthe human body. The backsheet prevents the exudates absorbed andcontained in the absorbent core from wetting articles which contact theabsorbent article such as bedsheets, pants, pajamas and undergarments.The backsheet may thus comprise a woven or nonwoven material, polymericfilms such as thermoplastic films of polyethylene or polypropylene,and/or composite materials such as a film-coated nonwoven material(i.e., having an inner film layer and an outer nonwoven layer). Asuitable backsheet is a polyethylene film having a thickness of fromabout 0.012 mm (0.5 mils) to about 0.051 mm (2.0 mils). Exemplarypolyethylene films are manufactured by Clopay Corporation of Cincinnati,Ohio, under the designation BR-120 and BR-121 and by Tredegar FilmProducts of Terre Haute, Ind., under the designation XP-39385. Thebacksheet is preferably embossed and/or matte-finished to provide a moreclothlike appearance. Further, the backsheet may permit vapors to escapefrom the absorbent core (i.e., the backsheet is breathable) while stillpreventing exudates from passing through the backsheet. The size of thebacksheet is dictated by the size of the absorbent core and the exactabsorbent article design selected.

The backsheet and the topsheet are positioned adjacent a garment surfaceand a body surface, respectively, of the absorbent core. The absorbentcore is preferably joined with the topsheet, the backsheet, or both inany manner as is known by attachment means such as those well known inthe art. However, embodiments of the present invention are envisionedwherein portions of the entire absorbent core are unattached to one orboth of the topsheet and the backsheet.

For example, the backsheet and/or the topsheet may be secured to theabsorbent core or to each other by a uniform continuous layer ofadhesive, a patterned layer of adhesive, or an array of separate lines,spirals, or spots of adhesive. Adhesives which have been found to besatisfactory are manufactured by H. B. Fuller Company of St. Paul, Minn.under the designation HL-1258 or H-2031. The attachment means willpreferably comprise an open pattern network of filaments of adhesive asis disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,573,986. An exemplary attachment meansof an open pattern network of filaments comprises several lines ofadhesive filaments swirled into a spiral pattern such as illustrated bythe apparatus and method shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,911,173, 4,785,996and 4,842,666. Alternatively, the attachment means may comprise heatbonds, pressure bonds, ultrasonic bonds, dynamic mechanical bonds, orany other suitable attachment means or combinations of these attachmentmeans as are known in the art.

The backsheet preferably includes an inner and outer layer, each ofwhich can be bonded to the other by a variety of means known in the art,including thermal bonds, adhesive bonds, ultrasonic lamination, or thelike. Intimate bonding of the inner and outer layers in the graphicregions reduces light diffraction and thus improves the brightness andoverall visibility of the wetness indicator graphic. Adhesive bondingcan also be accomplished using adhesive slot coating, high frequencyoscillation patterns, for example in swirl or spray patterns, and otherfine denier and/or high coverage application techniques. Suitablelaminate adhesives, which can be applied continuously or intermittently,can be obtained from Findley Adhesives, Inc. or from National Starch andChemical Company.

The outer layer of the backsheet can be made in a variety of forms usingdifferent processes. For example, the outer layer may be formed as acarded web, a bonded carded web, a spunbond web, a needled fabric, awoven fabric, or the like to provide a generally cloth-like texture tothe wearer. Other additives such as titanium dioxide can represent about0.5% or less, particularly about 0.3% or less, of the outer layer. Inone particular embodiment, the outer layer comprises a spunbond webformed of about 99.5 to 100% polypropylene resin and about 0.5% or lessother additives. The outer layer is desirably a lightweight materialhaving a basis weight of about 15 to about 30 gsm and more preferablyfrom about 15 to about 25 gsm.

Absorbent Core

The articles of the present invention additionally comprise one or moreabsorbent cores. The absorbent core is at least partially disposedbetween the topsheet and the backsheet and may take on any size or shapethat is compatible with the disposable absorbent article. Exemplaryabsorbent structures for use as the absorbent core of the presentinvention that have achieved wide acceptance and commercial success aredescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,610,678, 4,673,402, and 4,888,231, and4,834,735. The absorbent core may further comprise the dual core systemcontaining an acquisition/distribution core of chemically stiffenedfibers positioned over an absorbent storage core as detailed in U.S.Pat. Nos. 5,234,423 and 5,147,345.

In general, the absorbent core is capable of absorbing or retainingliquids (e.g., menses, urine, and/or other body exudates). The absorbentcore is preferably compressible, conformable, and non-irritating to thewearer's skin. The absorbent core may be manufactured in a wide varietyof sizes and shapes (e.g., rectangular, oval, hourglass, “T” shaped, dogbone, asymmetric, etc.). The absorbent core may include any of a widevariety of liquid-absorbent materials commonly used in absorbentarticles, such as comminuted wood pulp, which is generally referred toas airfelt. Examples of other suitable absorbent materials for use inthe absorbent core include creped cellulose wadding; meltblown polymersincluding coform; chemically stiffened, modified or cross-linkedcellulosic fibers; synthetic fibers such as crimped polyester fibers;peat moss; tissue including tissue wraps and tissue laminates; absorbentfoams; absorbent sponges; superabsorbent polymers; absorbent gellingmaterials; or any equivalent material or combinations of materials, ormixtures of these.

As discussed herein “absorbent gelling materials” and “superabsorbentpolymers” are those materials that, upon contact with aqueous fluids,such as bodily fluids, imbibes such fluids and form hydrogels. Theseabsorbent gelling materials are typically capable of absorbing largequantities of aqueous bodily fluids, and further capable of retainingsuch absorbed fluids under moderate pressures. These absorbent gellingmaterials are typically in the form of discrete, nonfibrous particles.Other forms, such as fibers, foams, sheets, strips, or othermacrostructures, are also suitable for use herein. Suitable absorbentgelling materials in the form of open cell foams may include thosedisclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,563,243, 4,554,297, 4,740,520, and5,260,345.

The configuration and construction of the absorbent core may also bevaried (e.g., the absorbent core may have varying caliper zones and/orhave a profile so as to be thicker in the center; hydrophilic gradients;superabsorbent gradients; or lower average density and lower averagebasis weight zones, e.g., acquisition zones; or may comprise one or morelayers or structures). The total absorbent capacity of the absorbentcore should, however, be compatible with the design loading and theintended use of the absorbent article. Further, the size and absorbentcapacity of the absorbent core may be varied to accommodate differentuses such as diapers, incontinence pads, pantiliners, regular sanitarynapkins, and overnight sanitary napkins, and to accommodate wearersranging from infants to adults. The absorbent core can include otherabsorbent components that are often used in absorbent articles, forexample, a dusting layer, a wicking or acquisition layer, or a secondarytopsheet for increasing the wearer's comfort.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, the absorbent articlemay also include a sublayer disposed between the topsheet and thebacksheet. The sublayer may be any material or structure capable ofaccepting, storing or immobilizing bodily exudates. Thus, the sublayermay include a single material or a number of materials operativelyassociated with each other. Further, the sublayer may be integral withanother element of the absorbent article or may be one or more separateelements joined directly or indirectly with one or more elements of thearticle. Further, the sublayer may include a structure that is separatefrom the core or may include or be part of at least a portion of thecore.

Suitable materials for use as the sublayer may include large cell openfoams, macro-porous compression resistant nonwoven highlofts, large sizeparticulate forms of open and closed cell foams (macro and/ormicroporous), highloft nonwovens, polyolefin, polystyrene, polyurethanefoams or particles, structures comprising a multiplicity of verticallyoriented looped strands of fibers, absorbent core structures describedabove having punched holes or depressions, and the like. One embodimentof a sublayer includes a mechanical fastening loop landing element,having an uncompressed thickness of about 1.5 millimeters available asXPL-7124 from the 3M Corporation of Minneapolis, Minn. Anotherembodiment includes a 6 denier, crimped and resin-bonded nonwovenhighloft having a basis weight of 110 grams per square meter and anuncompressed thickness of 7.9 millimeters which is available from theGlit Company of Wrens, Ga. Other suitable absorbent and nonabsorbentsublayers are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,680,422 and 5,941,864.Further, the sublayer, or any portion thereof, may include or be coatedwith a lotion or other known substances to add, enhance or change theperformance or other characteristics of the element.

Wetness Indicator

The disposable absorbent articles of the present invention furthercomprise a wetness indicator printed onto a film surface of saidbacksheet. The wetness indicator comprises a graphic that furthercomprises at least one responsive color composition and a varnishcoating disposed adjacent to said responsive color composition. In mostembodiments, the graphic is hidden from view prior to wetting as it isminimally visible (i.e., transparent) and it typically assumes the colorof the backsheet on which it is printed. Upon wetting, however, thegraphic becomes visible to the unaided eye.

According to the present invention, the responsive color compositioncomprises from about 1% to about 10%, by weight of the composition, offluid dyestuff, more preferably from about 2% to about 8%, and mostpreferably from about 3% to about 7%.

Suitable fluid dyestuffs include water soluble ink colorants like directdyes, acid dyes, base dyes, and various solvent soluble dyes. Examplesinclude, but are not limited to, C.I. Acid Yellow 73, C.I. SolventYellow 94, C.I. Acid Yellow 74, C.I. Solvent Orange 32, C.I. Solvent Red42, C.I. Acid Orange 11, C.I. Solvent Red 72, C.I. Pigment Orange 39,C.I. Solvent Orange 18, C.I. Acid Red 87, C.I. Solvent Red 43, C.I.Pigment Red 90:1, C.I. Solvent Red 44, C.I. Solvent Red 45, C.I. SolventOrange 16, C.I. Acid Red 91, C.I. Acid Red 98, C.I. Acid Red 92, C.I.Solvent Red 48, C.I. Pigment Red 174, C.I. Acid Red 95, C.I. Solvent Red73, C.I. Pigment Red 191, C.I. Acid Red 51, C.I. Food Red 14, C.I.Pigment Red 172, C.I. Solvent Red 140, C.I. Acid Red 93, C.I. SolventRed 47, C.I. Acid Red 94, C.I. Solvent Red 141, C.I. Mordant Violet 25,C.I. Solvent Orange 17, C.I. Solvent Red 46, D&C Red 27(C.I. 45410:1),D&C Orange 5(C.I. 45370:2), and combinations thereof. More preferredfluid dyestuffs are selected from the group consisting of D&C Red 27,D&C Orange 5, and combinations thereof.

Without being limited by theory, the inventors believe that upon contactwith fluid the below described varnish coating partially solubilizes andforms cracks in the coating. The liquid penetrates these cracks and thenreacts with a lactone base of the responsive color composition (or ink)to form a carboxylic acid which in turn results in the appearance of thefinal color. The figure below exemplifies this reaction, known in theart as a hydrolysis reaction.

The solvents of the present invention are preferably non-aqueoussolvents. Preferred non-aqueous solvents may comprise alcohols,acetates, and combinations thereof. The alcohol solvents are preferablyselected from the group consisting of iso-propyl alcohol, n-propylalcohol, ethanol, methanol, and combinations thereof. Likewise, suitableacetate solvents include, but are not limited to, isopropyl acetate,n-propyl acetate, and combinations thereof. The responsive colorcomposition preferably comprises from about 10% to about 99%, by weightof the composition, of the solvent. More preferably, the responsivecolor composition comprises from about 30% to about 80% of a solvent andeven more preferably from about 40% to about 75%.

An exemplary responsive color composition is an ink that is commerciallyavailable from Osaka Printing Industries as Omutsu-you-A ICA pants(translated from Japanese).

Varnish Coating

The responsive color composition of the present invention is disposedadjacent to a varnish coating. Without being limited by theory, thiscoating serves as a sealant of sorts for the responsive colorcomposition. Upon contact with an aqueous liquid, the graphic is thenable to be visible to the unaided eye as the varnish coating which ispartially solubilized by the liquid creates cracks or entry points inthe coating which then allows the liquid to contact the responsive colorcomposition. Upon contact with the liquid, the color responsive colorcompositions (both first and second) begin to exhibit the intended colorthat forms the graphic. Suitable materials for the varnish coating maybe selected from the group consisting of acrylic copolymers,shellac-based acrylic resins, polyamides, and combinations thereof.These materials are intended to be exemplary but not limiting in anyway. Additionally, the varnish coating may be disposed over the graphicformed by the responsive color composition, beneath the graphic, orboth. Moreover, it is preferred that the varnish coating be disposedadjacent to the graphic such that one or more edges of the coatingextend at least about 25% past one or more edges of the graphic. Morepreferably, the varnish coating extends at least about 15% and mostpreferably at least about 10% past one or more edges of the graphic.

Backsheet graphics are directly visible on the exterior surface of theabsorbent article and have been extremely appealing to children.Moreover, parents and caregivers can use such wetness indicator graphicsas educational and motivational tools to advance the toilet trainingprocess. Thus, the wetness indicator graphics are suitably disposed onthe backsheet via printing methods. The term “disposed” and variationsthereof are intended to mean that one element can be integral withanother element, or that one element can be a separate structure bondedto or placed with or placed near another element. Thus, the graphics canbe formed or applied directly or indirectly to a surface of the outercover, formed or applied between layers of a multiple layer outer cover,formed or applied to a substrate that is placed with or near the outercover, formed or applied within a layer of the outer cover or anothersubstrate, or other variations or combinations thereof.

In preferred embodiments, the graphics can be printed (via flexography,gravure, digital printing, etc.). For such printing, it is envisionedthat a multiplicity of additional responsive color compositions may beutilized such that multicolor graphics are achieved upon wetting of thearticle. Regardless of the type of printing method employed, preferredspeeds for printing range from about 50 m/min to about 500 m/min,preferably from about 100 m/min to about 300 m/min. In preferredembodiments, the printing speed is set at about 200 m/min. Additionallya multicolor print press is utilized to print the graphic on thebacksheet material with the color composition and varnish coating beingprinted in succession from different print stations.

Additionally, other graphics may be sprayed or otherwise applieddirectly on a layer of the backsheet. For instance, in otherembodiments, the graphics can be applied to a layer placed with or nearthe backsheet, such as a substrate associated with the absorbentassembly, including but not limited to tissue layers, liquid handlinglayers, absorbent layers, or the like.

The graphics for use with the present invention can be located on oragainst either surface (i.e., garment-facing (aka exterior) surface orbody-facing (aka interior) surface) of the backsheet provided thegraphics remain visible from the exterior of the product when wetted. Inpreferred embodiments, the wetness indicator graphic is printed on theinterior surface of the backsheet.

The wetness indicator can be in liquid communication with the absorbentassembly of the product. As used herein, the term “liquid communication”means that liquid such as urine is able to travel from one layer orelement to another layer or element. The absorbent assembly can but neednot include a slot or densified region, incorporate a liquiddistribution layer, or the like, to channel or direct liquid to thelocation near the backsheet and/or outer cover where the graphics arelocated.

Absorbent articles suitable for use as the present invention includediapers, training pants, incontinence products, diaper pants, disposableunderwear, or the like. Suitable training pants and diaper pants canhave seamed side portions or refastenable side portions. The presentinvention is particularly suited for use with training pants or diaperpants to aid in toilet training Particular diapers and training pantssuitable for use with the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat.Nos. 3,860,003, 4,636,207, 4,695,278, 4,704,115, 4,795,454, 4,900,317,4,909,803 (Reissued as USRE34,920), U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,085,654, 5,492,751,6,476,288, 6,627,787, 5,507,760, 5,609,587, 5,635,191, 5,643,588,6,118,041, SIR H1630, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,246,433, 5,769,838, 5,899,895,5,899,896, and 6,120,487. Additional patents discussing suitabletraining pants are disclosed earlier herein.

In a preferred embodiment, the absorbent article further comprises atleast a first cuff for providing improved containment of liquids andother body exudates; an elastic waist feature that provides improved fitand containment; and a fastening system which forms a side closure whichmaintains the first waist region and the second waist region in anoverlapping configuration such that lateral tensions are maintainedaround the circumference of the absorbent article to maintain theabsorbent article on the wearer. The absorbent article may also compriseelasticized side panels (not shown) in the waist regions and to providean elastically extensible feature that provides a more comfortable andcontouring fit and more effective application of the absorbent article.

The “elasticized” leg cuffs can be constructed in a number of differentconfigurations, including those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,860,003,4,636,207, 4,695,278, 4,704,115, 4,795,454, 4,900,317, 4,909,803(Reissued as USRE34920), U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,085,654, 5,492,751, 6,476,288and SIR H1630.

For example, the absorbent article may include one ore more first cuffsthat provide improved containment of liquids and other body exudates.First cuffs may also be referred to as outer leg cuff, leg bands, sideflaps, leg cuffs or elastic cuffs. U.S. Pat. No. 3,860,003 describes adisposable diaper which provides a contractible leg opening having aside flap and one or more elastic members to provide an elasticized legcuff.

Additionally, an absorbent article of the present invention may includeone or more second cuffs that also provide improved containment ofliquids and other body exudates. Second cuffs may also be referred to asbarrier leg cuffs, inner leg cuffs or “stand-up” elasticized flaps. U.S.Pat. Nos. 4,808,178 and 4,909,803 (Reissued as USRE34920) describedisposable diapers having “stand-up” elasticized flaps that improve thecontainment of the leg regions.

First cuff and second cuff may both be provided by way of a dual cuff,as exampled in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,695,278 and 4,795,454. Additional cuffsmay be provided in an article of the present invention as detailed in USStatutory Invention Registration H1630.

Another component that may be included in the articles or composites ofthe present invention is a hydrophobic surface coating as disclosed incopending U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/543,785 (P&G Case9528P). This hydrophobic surface coating may be paired with the barriercoating of the present invention on the barrier layer or may be disposedadjacent to one or more additional components of the absorbent articlesor composites of the present invention. For instance, this hydrophobicsurface coating may be disposed on an interior surface of one or moreleg cuffs, waist portions, or other areas of the absorbent article.

All documents cited in the Detailed Description of the Invention are, inrelevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of anydocument is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior artwith respect to the present invention.

EXAMPLES Example 1

An absorbent article that includes a wetness indicator according to thepresent invention is produced as follows. A breathable polyolefin filmis selected from either of BR-120 and BR-121, which are commerciallyavailable from Clopay of Cincinnati, Ohio. Each of these films has abreathability of 1500 to 4000 MVTR and basis weight of 28 gsm and mayserve as the material on which printing occurs. A Windmoller & HolscherOlympia 736 ST 6 color printing machine or the equivalent Flexo printeris loaded with 2 separate wetness indicator inks The first wetnessindicator ink is a varnish coating that contains 20±5 wt % of shellacand 60±10 wt % of isopropyl alcohol and 5-10 wt % of hydroxypropylcellulose and silica. The second wetness indicator ink is a responsivecolor composition that contains 3±1 wt % D&C red 27, 60±10 wt %isopropyl alcohol, 5-10 wt % silica and hydroxrpropyl cellulose. Thefilm is first printed with the varnish coating at a 3 g/sqm add-onweight and at a line speed of 100 m/min. The varnish coating is printedon an area that is 20±5% larger in area than the graphic design that isprinted with the second wetness indicator ink so that the varnishcoating completely covers the second wetness indicator ink graphicduring the print process variation.

This film is then dried and wound on to a roll and stored. At this timethe printed varnish coating and second wetness indicator ink graphic arecompletely invisible to naked eyes. This film is then incorporated intoany one of the absorbent articles disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,860,003,4,636,207, 4,695,278, 4,704,115, 4,795,454, 4,900,317, 4,909,803(Reissued as USRE34920), U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,085,654, 5,492,751, 6,476,288,6,627,787, 5,507,760, 5,609,587, 5,635,191, 5,643,588, 6,118,041, SIRH1630, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,246,433, 5,769,838, 5,899,895, 5,899,896, and6,120,487. Upon wetting of such an absorbent article, after about oneminute an image begins to appear on the article's backsheet surface thatfaces the garment. After about 5 minutes, a bright pink image appearsclearly.

Example 2

An absorbent article that includes a wetness indicator according to thepresent invention is produced as follows. A breathable polyolefin filmis selected from either of BR-120 and BR-121, which are commerciallyavailable from Clopay of Cincinnati, Ohio. Each of these films has abreathability of 1500 to 4000 MVTR and basis weight of 28 gsm and mayserve as the material on which printing occurs. A Windmoller & HolscherOlympia 736 ST 6 color printing machine or the equivalent Flexo printeris loaded with 2 separate wetness indicator inks The first ink is aresponsive color composition that includes 3±1 wt % D&C red 27 and 60±10wt % isopropyl alcohol. The second wetness indicator ink is a varnishcoating that contains 20±5 wt % of shellac, 60±10 wt % of isopropylalcohol and 5-10 wt % of hydroxypropyl cellulose and silica. The film isfirst printed with the responsive color composition at a 3 g/sqm add-onweight and at a line speed of 100 m/min. The varnish coating is added onat the same rate but is printed on an area that is 20±5% larger than theresponsive color composition graphic that is printed with the first inkso that the varnish coating completely covers the wetness ink duringprint process variation.

This film is then dried and wound on to a roll and stored. At this timethe printed varnish coating and responsive color composition graphic arecompletely invisible to naked eyes. This film is then incorporated intoany one of the absorbent articles disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,860,003,4,636,207, 4,695,278, 4,704,115, 4,795,454, 4,900,317, 4,909,803(Reissued as USRE34920), U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,085,654, 5,492,751, 6,476,288,6,627,787, 5,507,760, 5,609,587, 5,635,191, 5,643,588, 6,118,041, SIRH1630, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,246,433, 5,769,838, 5,899,895, 5,899,896, and6,120,487. Upon wetting of such an absorbent article, after about oneminute an image begins to appear on the article's backsheet surface thatfaces the garment. After about 5 minutes, a bright pink image appearsclearly.

Example 3

An absorbent article that includes a wetness indicator according to thepresent invention is produced as follows. A breathable polyolefin filmis selected from either of BR-120 and BR-121, which are commerciallyavailable from Clopay of Cincinnati, Ohio. Each of these films has abreathability of 1500 to 4000 MVTR and basis weight of 28 gsm and mayserve as the material on which printing occurs. A Windmoller & HolscherOlympia 736 ST 6 color printing machine or the equivalent Flexo printeris loaded with 3 separate wetness indicator inks The first wetnessindicator ink is a varnish coating that contains 20±5 wt % of shellacand 60±10 wt % of isopropyl alcohol and 5-10 wt % of hydroxypropylcellulose and silica. The second wetness indicator ink is a responsivecolor composition that contains 3±1 wt % D&C red 27 and 60±10 wt %isopropyl alcohol. The third wetness indicator ink is the same varnishcoating that is used at the first print station. The film is firstprinted with the varnish coating at a 3 g/sqm add-on weight and at aline speed of 100 m/min. The first varnish coating graphic design isprinted on an area that is 20±5% larger than the graphic design that isprinted with the second wetness indicator ink so that the varnishcoating completely covers the wetness indicator ink graphic during theprint process variation. The third wetness indicator ink, which is theadditional varnish coating, is also printed on an area that is 20±5%larger than the graphic printed with the second wetness indicator ink.Therefore, the two varnish coating layers sandwich the second inkgraphic.

This film is then dried and wound on to a roll and stored. At this timethe printed varnish coating and responsive color composition graphic arecompletely invisible to naked eyes. This film is then incorporated intoany one of the absorbent articles disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,860,003,4,636,207, 4,695,278, 4,704,115, 4,795,454, 4,900,317, 4,909,803(Reissued as USRE34920), U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,085,654, 5,492,751, 6,476,288,6,627,787, 5,507,760, 5,609,587, 5,635,191, 5,643,588, 6,118,041, SIRH1630, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,246,433, 5,769,838, 5,899,895, 5,899,896, and6,120,487. Upon wetting of such an absorbent article, after about oneminute an image begins to appear on the article's backsheet surface thatfaces the garment. After about 5 minutes, a bright pink image appearsclearly.

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood asbeing strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead,unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean boththe recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding thatvalue. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean“about 40 mm.”

Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or relatedpatent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation ofany document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect toany invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in anycombination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests ordiscloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning ordefinition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning ordefinition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, themeaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shallgovern.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in theart that various other changes and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is thereforeintended to cover in the appended claims all such changes andmodifications that are within the scope of this invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A disposable absorbent article comprising: a) aliquid pervious topsheet; b) a liquid impervious backsheet that is atleast partially joined to the topsheet; c) an absorbent core disposed atleast partially between the topsheet and the backsheet; and d) a wetnessindicator printed onto a surface of the backsheet; the wetness indicatorcomprising a graphic that further comprises at least one hydrolyzablecolor composition and a varnish coating disposed adjacent to thehydrolyzable color composition; the graphic being invisible to theunaided eye; wherein the at least one hydrolyzable color compositioncomprises a colorant selected from the group consisting of water-solubleinks, solvent-soluble dyes, pigments, and combinations thereof; andwherein upon wetting, the hydrolyzable color composition undergoes ahydrolytic reaction resulting in the invisible graphic becoming visibleto the unaided eye.
 2. The article according to claim 1, wherein thecolorant is a water-soluble ink.
 3. The article according to claim 2,wherein the water-soluble ink colorant is selected from direct dyes,acid dyes, base dyes, and combinations thereof
 4. The article accordingto claim 2, wherein the water soluble ink colorant is selected from thegroup consisting of: C.I. Acid Yellow 73, C.I. Acid Yellow 74, C.I. AcidOrange 11, C.I. Acid Red 87, C.I. Acid Red 91, C.I. Acid Red 98, C.I.Acid Red 92, C.I. Acid Red 95, C.I. Acid Red 51, C.I. Food Red 14, C.I.Acid Red 93, C.I. Acid Red 94, C.I. Mordant Violet 25, and combinationsthereof.
 5. The article according to claim 4, wherein the water solubleink colorant is selected from the group consisting of: C.I. Food Red 14,C.I. Mordant Violet 25, C.I. Acid Yellow 73, C.I. Acid Red 92, andcombinations thereof.
 6. The article according to claim 1, wherein thecolorant is a solvent-soluble dye.
 7. The article according to claim 6,wherein the solvent-soluble dye colorant is selected from the groupconsisting of: C.I. Solvent Yellow 94, C.I. Solvent Orange 32, C.I.Solvent Red 42, C.I. Solvent Red 72, C.I. Solvent Orange 18, C.I.Solvent Red 43, C.I. Solvent Red 44, C.I. Solvent Red 45, C.I. SolventOrange 16, C.I. Solvent Red 48, C.I. Solvent Red 73, C.I. Solvent Red140, C.I. Solvent Red 47, C.I. Solvent Red 141, C.I. Solvent Orange 17,C.I. Solvent Red 46, D&C Red 27 (C.I. 45410:1), and combinationsthereof.
 8. The article according to claim 7, wherein thesolvent-soluble dye colorant is selected from the group consisting of:D&C Red 27 (C.I. 45410:1), C.I. Solvent Red 48, C.I. Solvent Red 72, andcombinations thereof.
 9. The article according to claim 1, wherein thecolorant is a pigment.
 10. The article according to claim 9, wherein thepigment is selected from the group consisting of: C.I. Pigment Orange39, C.I. Pigment Red 90:1, C.I. Pigment Red 174, C.I. Pigment Red 191,C.I. Pigment Red 172, D&C Orange 5 (C.I. 45370:2), and combinationsthereof.
 11. The article according to claim 10, wherein the pigment isselected from the group consisting of: D&C Orange 5 (C.I. 45370:2), C.I.Pigment Red 172, and combinations thereof.
 12. The article according toclaim 1, wherein the graphic further comprises a second varnish coating,wherein the first varnish coating is disposed over the hydrolyzablecolor composition and the second varnish coating is disposed beneath thehydrolyzable color composition.
 13. The article according to claim 1,wherein the varnish coating comprises materials selected from the groupconsisting of acrylic copolymers, shellac-based acrylic resins,polyamides, and combinations thereof.
 14. The article according to claim1, wherein the chemical reaction forms a carboxylic acid.
 15. Thearticle according to claim 1, wherein the varnish coating is disposedover the hydrolyzable color composition.
 16. The article according toclaim 1, wherein the varnish coating is disposed beneath thehydrolyzable color composition.
 17. A method of printing a wetnessindicator onto an absorbent article comprising the steps of: a)providing an absorbent article wherein the article comprises a topsheet,a backsheet and an absorbent core; and b) disposing between thebacksheet and the absorbent core, via printing, a wetness indicator ontoa surface of the backsheet; the wetness indicator comprising a graphicthat further comprises at least one hydrolyzable color composition and avarnish coating disposed adjacent to the hydrolyzable color composition;the graphic being invisible to the unaided eye; wherein the at least onehydrolyzable color composition comprises a colorant selected from thegroup consisting of water-soluble inks, solvent-soluble dyes, pigments,and combinations thereof; and wherein upon wetting, the hydrolyzablecolor composition undergoes a hydrolytic reaction resulting in theinvisible graphic becoming visible to the unaided eye.
 18. A disposableabsorbent article comprising: a) a liquid pervious topsheet; b) a liquidimpervious backsheet that is at least partially joined to the topsheet;c) an absorbent core disposed at least partially between the topsheetand the backsheet; and d) a wetness indicator printed onto a surface ofthe backsheet; the wetness indicator comprising a graphic that furthercomprises at least one hydrolyzable color composition and a varnishcoating disposed adjacent to the hydrolyzable color composition; thegraphic being invisible to the unaided eye; wherein the at least onehydrolyzable color composition, the varnish coating, or both, comprisefrom about 5% to about 10%, by weight, of hydroxypropyl cellulose andsilica; and wherein upon wetting, the hydrolyzable color compositionundergoes a hydrolytic reaction resulting in the invisible graphicbecoming visible to the unaided eye.
 19. The article according to claim18, wherein the graphic further comprises a second varnish coating,wherein the first varnish coating is disposed over the hydrolyzablecolor composition and the second varnish coating is disposed beneath thehydrolyzable color composition.
 20. The article according to claim 18,wherein the chemical reaction forms a carboxylic acid.